Comparative Analysis of De Montaigne and Donne on Mind and Body

Both Michel De Montaigne and John Donne contend that the development of the psyche is connected to the prosperity of the body. Both contend that a brain bereft of legitimate advancement and training will prompt an unfortunate body. In any case, Montaigne contends that the proper methods for â€Å"education and enrichment† are considering and following crafted by other extraordinary scholars of history. Moreover, Montaigne announces creative mind to be the force for the destruction of the body. On the other hand, Donne contends that a brain prepared in creative mind is the best possible method of finding real wellbeing. In their compositions, both Montaigne and Donne are looking for a solidarity between the brain and the body. By looking at Montaigne†s Essays and the verse of Donne, it is obvious that the methods for binding together the psyche and body can change for various individuals. Montaigne†s general way of thinking on the connection between the brain and the physical strength of the body is one that connects a solid presence with a sound psyche. His concept of a sound brain is what is found out through the investigations of the â€Å"great thinkers† of the past, and avoided being assumed responsibility for by the transcendent creative mind. In Montaigne†s article â€Å"On the Education of Children,† Montaigne focuses on the significance of instruction, however just advances a chosen few types of training as suitable. Montaigne connects these couple of types of instruction legitimately to the prosperity of the body. To start with, Montaigne proclaims that â€Å"The mind that harbors reasoning should, by its sufficiency, make the body sound also†(pg.67). Here he contends that any individual who is adequately situated in the way of thinking of the â€Å"great thinkers† of history will have the wellbeing of body that they want. He expresses that † The most show indication of shrewdness is a steady joy; it†s state†¦always serene†(pg.67). Montaigne†s clear premier concern is that individuals be instructed in the considering extraordinary scholars. Furthermore, Montaigne tends to the kinds of free reasoning that are suitable for a sound brain and body. He contends that the free idea of an individual ought to be situated in the idea of the â€Å"great thinkers.† Montaigne says if an individual â€Å"†¦embraces the assessments of Xenophon and Plato by his own thinking, they will never again be theirs, yet his†(pg.56). He urges individuals to â€Å"†¦imbibe their [â€Å"great thinkers†] methods of thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.56). Montaigne†s contention is that free reasoning not situated in the idea of the â€Å"great thinkers† is essentially uneducated freethinking, and in this manner is unfortunate for the psyche and body. At long last, Montaigne†s paper â€Å"On the Education of Children† uncovers Montaigne†s contention against the learning of â€Å"profitless† information, or at the end of the day. He says that â€Å"†¦most of the parts of information in current utilization are valueless to us†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.65) and that â€Å"†¦we must restrict the degree of our investigations in those branches†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.65). Montaigne†s obvious contention is that lone a specific sort of training, one based unequivocally in the idea of the â€Å"great thinkers,† is the kind of instruction that will accommodate a solid body, yet in addition a sound psyche. In Montaigne†s paper â€Å"On the Power of the Imagination,† Montaigne next contends against the hazards of the creative mind. He pronounces that the creative mind, in contrast to freethinking situated in satisfactory information, drives straightforwardly to an unfortunate body. Montaigne first assaults the sheer intensity of the creative mind. Montaigne states with respect to the creative mind that â€Å"Everyone feels its effect, however some are thumped over by it†(pg.36). He battles that the creative mind is something that gradually starts to assume control over the psyche of an individual and drive them further from the suitable lines of learning. He contends that the creative mind prompts the damage of the body. His first case on this is terrible musings, for example, having substantially disappointments (Montaigne utilizes the case of barrenness), are brought forth from the creative mind. He proclaims that the â€Å"†¦comical obstructions which so humiliate our general public that they discuss nothing else are probably brought about by anxieties and fears†(pg.39). These misgivings and fears are welcomed on, Montaigne contends, by a creative mind that controls the psyche and body. Montaigne even ventures to consider creative mind the guilty party for some, individuals becoming sick, as he says that the explanation a few people become wiped out is that their minds come up with how terrible they could feel, and their bodies straightforward stick to this same pattern. He expresses that â€Å"†¦the mind should for the most part be set up in advance.†(pg.41) all together for the body to feel a specific way. Montaigne†s entire contention in the paper mirrors his dislike for the development of a psyche through creative mind and his thought that creative mind prompts an unfortunate brain and therefore, an undesirable body. John Donne†s general perspective on the connection between the brain and the strength of the body contrasts incredibly from Montaigne†s. Donne†s hypothesis is just that the way to a solid body is a creative mind. He guarantees that the creative mind is the machine answerable for making the thoughts that cause the body to feel great. Concerning training, he contends that the most elevated types of instruction are not from history books or savants, yet from the more profound and increasingly innovative structures. In Donne†s sonnets â€Å"The Canonization† and â€Å"The Will,† Donne presents the contention that there is an information to be looked for that is a lot further and more genuine than any book information. In â€Å"The Canonization,† Donne intensely expresses that natural information and materialistic development of the psyche is far underneath the training of the brain through adoration. He says: â€Å"For Godsake hold your tongue and let me love†¦ With riches your express, your minde with Arts improve, Take you a course, get you a spot, Watch his respect, or his grace†¦ Examine, what you will endorse, So you will let me love†(pg.28). Here Donne expresses that to him a definitive information is that of affection and that he would pick this before all other natural sorts of information. Donne contends that affection can show all important information throughout everyday life. He proceeds with this contention in his sonnet â€Å"The Will,† in which he talks about the entirety of the information that affection has granted on him. He states: â€Å"Thou, Love, hast instructed mee†¦ That I should provide for none, yet such, as had a lot of before†¦ Onely to give, for example, have an incapacatie†¦ Onely to provide for those that tally my endowments indignity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.60). Donne uncovers hear a portion of the exercises that adoration has instructed to him. Donne†s evident contention is that the information that is held in a book can't be resembled to that which can be scholarly through the higher methods of learning, for example, love. In Donne†s sonnets â€Å"The Flea† and â€Å"The Dreame† Donne releases his creative mind and contends that the creative mind can be utilized so as to accomplish a solid and cheerful psyche and body. To begin with, in â€Å"The Flea,† Donne sets up an innovative illustration as he utilizes a bug to go about as the methods for joining him with his lady. He tells his lady that â€Å"†¦in this insect, our two bloods blended bee;†(pg.48) and keeps on saying that â€Å"This bug is you and I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.48). This very utilization of the bug inspires bigger thoughts by and large, as it puts an apparently annoying creepy crawly into the spot of integrating two individuals through its blood. It is apparent then that Donne†s support for the inventive went similarly as putting it into the adoration sonnets he wrote to attempt to lure his lady. Donne†s confidence in creative mind was wholehearted. With respect to relating this utilization of the creative mind to the prosperity of the body, Donne tends to this too. Donne†s creatively made illustration is likewise an all around arranged out plan to entice his lady. As it were, Donne utilizes the creative mind to help cause his body to feel better by alluring and laying down with his lady. His contention to his lady is that since the bug has drawn blood from every one of them and the two have just traded the most extraordinary of bonds, that resting together would not be anything incorrectly. He advises her: â€Å"Thou know†st this can't be said A sinne, nor losse of maidenhead, What's more, pamper†d swells with one blood made of two, What's more, this, too bad, is more than we would doe†(pg.48). Here we see Donne trying his contention that the creative mind can be utilized so as to get the body what it wants. In his sonnet â€Å"The Dreame,† Donne matches his dreaming, or creative mind, to the very lady of whom he is dreaming in the sonnet. During the sonnet, Donne longs for an incredible sexual fantasie with his lady, and soon enough, she strolls into the room to discover him dreaming. Nonetheless, Donne†s dream isn't intruded, yet rather it proceeds with her passage. He says: â€Å"Therefore thou wakd†st me shrewdly; yet My Dreame thou brok†st not, yet continued†st it, Thou craftsmanship so truth, that musings of thee get the job done, To make dreames certainties; and tales accounts; Enter these armes, for since thou thoughtst it best, Not to dreame all my dreame, let†s act the rest†(pg.45). Donne†s obvious contention is then one that proclaims creative mind to be the antecedent to the real world. He contends that if an individual doesn't initially envision how a specific condition will result, at that point they will absolutely not have the delight of realizing what conditions may follow. At the end of the day, Donne accepts the creative mind to be a path from psychological wellness and delight to real wellbeing and joy. Montaigne and Donne are two individuals looking for th

Malaysias National Snack Essay Example For Students

Malaysias National Snack Essay Malaysias National SnackMalaysias National SnackI went to a Malaysian eatery with my family a weekend ago to attempt some new Asian dishes we never tasted. The name of the eatery is Yazmin Malaysian Restaurant. That café is situated on Las Tunas Drive, San Gabriel. We requested the curry noodles, the zesty chicken wings, the curry squids, and the satay. Among the nourishments we requested, I might want to depict a dish that is called Satay. It is so scrumptious, and it is another Asian dish that I never tasted. There are many intriguing Malaysian customary things with regards to that Malaysia eatery. The café was beautified by hanging the Malaysian conventional kites and banners with Malaysia popular spots. Other than the kites and the banners, there additionally has some customary garments on the dividers. The supervisor called that is the Batik garments. Along these lines, I felt that I resembled that I was eating in Malaysia in that time. We requested some Malaysia conventional nourishments, and one of those dishes that I like it without a doubt. That is Satay. Satay is a grilled meat on a stick. There are five sticks on a plate go with some reduced down 3D shapes of cold, cook rice and the cool cuts of cucumber, and uncook red onion. Alongside it, there is a littler plate loaded up with hot nut sauce. By utilizing a similar stick, I plunged the meat into the hot nut sauce before I tasted it. At that point, I skewered a solid shape of cold, cook rice, and dunked into the sauce. Other than the scaled down of rice, I likewise skewered a cut of cucumber and a cut of red onion, and plunged them into the sauce. It is so tasty until I had gobbled up all the satay. Satays meat is marinated and strung through slight bamboo sticks before flame broiled. At the point when it is barbecued, it is seasoned with margarine by utilizing a lemon grass as brush. I accept this improved the smell. Nonetheless, the satay sauce has progressively confounded fixings. It contains of peanuts, onion, garlic, chilies, lemon juices, coconut milk, ground cumin, ground turmeric, and cleaved lemon grass. The cucumber and onion are readied uncook and cut into cuts. The rice solid shapes are made of plain rice which cook with coconut milk rather than water. I like to eat the sauce since it contains peanuts in it. The peanuts made the sauce so crunchy and I like it without a doubt. The satays meat is likewise acceptable. In any case, when the satay got cold, I felt hard to bite. I like the rice 3D shapes and the cucumber without question, however not the uncook onion since it was smelled horrible in the wake of eating. Satay is a customary food of Malaysia. It is so unique contrasted with different Asians food I had attempted. Obviously, I might want to eat the satay again on the off chance that I get an opportunity to return to that Malaysian eatery. Workmanship Essays

Writing Essays That Are Interesting And Expository

Writing Essays That Are Interesting And ExpositoryExpository essays for admission to the university are not only about convincing the reader with your passion for your subject, but also with your ability to creatively use and work with persuasive essay topics. Using interesting expository essay topics in your own essays will help you stand out among the crowd of other candidates for the same academic seat.The question why is, more often than not, the reason why one goes through all the trouble of coming up with a new topic. No one wants to be just another one of the thousands who have been accepted in an institution which they know can offer them a place for studies, yet end up falling in line with the next person. This is the reason why so many people want to earn the privilege of pursuing a degree course which they know has loads of fun potential.Some are not conscious about what to write as their first selection, while others do not give a thought to these but end up writing somet hing interesting with impressive topics. If you want to choose interesting expository essay topics for your applications, make sure that you choose something that is very unique and interesting to you. Before deciding on a topic, take time out to find out from your professor or school what areas are popular and why.Once you know what the requirements are for applying to specific topic, start thinking about the subject matter that you wish to write about. Explore your ideas through brainstorming sessions and make sure that you have checked out various ideas that interest you. Thinking about a topic to write is important as this is the first step to come up with an effective outline.Next, make sure that you put your best foot forward in your application essay by being yourself. You can always choose a familiar topic, but the benefits here are that you can be sure that your peers and friends can get a glimpse of who you really are. In other words, try and follow your instincts and do t he things that are similar to what you do.Being creative and innovative is another important aspect to be able to win the popularity contest. Be inventive and write about interesting topics but do not let your writing style goes stale and bland. You should always remember that the choice of topics will depend on the faculty as well as your school's resources.Essay writing is an art, but it can never be mastered. However, if you do a lot of research on the topic you are working on, you will surely gain more confidence and know how to compose your own interesting expository essay topics. There are certain resources online that you can use to aid in the composition of interesting expository essay topics.With the help of these resources, you can learn about the main aspects that you need to consider while selecting interesting expository essay topics. With these, you can end up with your very own persuasive and informative essay that will definitely help you to get a place for study in any institution that you want to apply to.

Answer Key for Lewis and Clark Reloaded - 3735 Words

ANSWER KEY for â€Å"Lewis and Clark Reloaded: The 3,041-Mile Bike Trail† by Mary Rose Grant School for Professional Studies Saint Louis University Part I—The Adventure Begins †¦ and Comes to a Screaming Halt 1. What body systems are primarily affected and what physiological changes would you expect Joe and Frank to experience during such rigorous exercise? You may list, as students report out, the physiological changes to the respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and urinary systems expected during strenuous exercise and as noted in the case of the cyclist, Joe. Students will respond with answers suggesting increases in heart rate, respiration, sweating and muscle fatigue, as well as muscle soreness as normal. However, in†¦show more content†¦3. What additional information or tests would you request? Considering a diagnosis of dehydration, along with the fact that Joe seems to be consuming a lot of caffeine, a diuretic that causes fluid loss, the student may suggest testing Na, Ca, and other electrolyte levels in the blood, as well as levels of caffeine or other metabolites in the blood and urine. This latter information may help the student determine or at least estimate Joe’s caffeine intake. The student can begin to research and accumulate knowledge about dehydration as well as the effects of caffeine in the body. New knowledge about caffeine’s role in possibly interfering with iron absorption and decreasing insulin levels may lead the student to consider additional tests for iron and blood insulin levels. The student may also come to the conclusion that such tests may not be needed, necessary or specific to caffeine intake. To further explain Joe’s rapid heart rate, the student may request an electrocardiogram to investigate any presenting heart arrhythmias. Part III—A Dangerous Detour 1. Weeding out misinformation and piecing together the many facts presented, what is your diagnosis of Joe’s condition? Joe is suffering from caffeine intoxication and is also dehydrated. 2. What signs, symptoms, risk factors, and conditions lead to thisShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesIntroduction to Mechanical Engineering, 3rd Edition _ Jonathan Wickert, Kemper Lewis (SM) An Introduction to Physical Science, 13th Edition _James T. Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Jr (IM+TB+IM for Lab Manual) An Introduction to Programming With C++, 6th Edition_Diane Zak (Solution files+Answer to Review Questions+IM) An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done, 4th Edition _ Emily Stier Adler, Roger Clark (IM) An Object-Oriented Approach to Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition_JoyceRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesof prosperity and profitability, has been widely emphasized as a continuing key to this economic strength. It has been discussed quite properly in terms of the rapid growth of technology, particularly information technology. However, in these times when the fast devour the slow, productivity also particularly relates to the significance of the ways in which a company can maintain its fundamental business innovation as a key to its competitive 6 Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management

Race Science, Eighteenth to Mid-Nineteenth Centuries - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2322 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category History Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? The topic of origin or race has been discussed by several people who seek to define why there are different races in the world. There are those who have tried to apply scientific way a while others attribute the differences to the environment. Some of the people who have tried to explain the concepts are Samuel Stanhope, Fran? §ois Bernier, and George Cuvier. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Race Science, Eighteenth to Mid-Nineteenth Centuries" essay for you Create order There are divisions on the issue of race because it is a complex issue. The race is a word that is used to indicate a specific ethnic group. Most of the explanations that explain the origin of different races were developed from sixteenth century to mid-nineteenth century. Categorizing human types and defining races in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was part of the larger Enlightenment and scientific project of the time, related to developments in taxonomy and biology. But observers of the race made unscientific logical leaps from their data to their conclusions or used unscientific bases for comparison. The science or race thus reflects the power relationship between the scientists and those they observed more than it informs us about actual differences between groups of people. Scientific Ideas of Race in 18th Century One of the scientific ideas developed to explain the origin of race is monogenesis. It refers to the influence environment has towards the development of races. The concept of monogenesis states that race development if based on environmental factors and not inheritance. The concept is called environmentalism. One of the scholars who support attribute the development of different races to environmental factors is Samuel Stanhope Smith. Smith used his wide knowledge and interest to develop the principle. He argued that when people from different races were brought together and lived in a specific region; their generations developed a characteristic that would be associated with the region they lived. As a result, they would look alike over time. The idea came to be when the slave trade was popular, and scientist wondered why there were big differences between people from different regions. The scientist had an answer which stated that the differences were as a result of the di fferences in environmental condition in different regions around the world. Some of the environmental factors were both natural while others were social. To support the argument, some Senegalese from Africa and Danes from Europe were exchanged. After several generations, Senegalese were changing and becoming white while the Danes were also changing and becoming black. The early scientist made attempts to categorize the races that existed in the sixteenth to mid-nineteenth century. Several people made efforts. Francois Bernier developed four categories of races which he based on color. The four groups are Asiatic, European, Lapp, and African. These are probably the first groupings which were done in the sixteenth century. He also considered lips size and body appearance of the groups, and he was able to interpret it using his knowledge before coming up with the four groups. In the 1730s, Carolus Linnaeus made an effort some improvement to Berniers classification. He came up wit h four groups which had more advance names. The names were African (niger), American (rubescus), Asiatic (fuscus) and European (albums). He also developed taxonomic names which were almost similar to the original names and they were Asiaticus, Europeanus, Americanus, and Africanus. Linnaeus used skin color, and origin, but he later included physical characteristics and his understanding of emotional and social characteristics. In the mid-1700s, there was another discovery where Comte de Buffon came up with the idea that animas should be classified depending on their ability to interbreed. He argued that it would be easier to know whether animals are the same species by interbreeding them. If the process is successful, the conclusion was they are the same species. In 17770s, another type of classification was established by John Friedrich Blumenbach. He abandoned the classification of human species using geographical regions which had four groups. His new five group classificat ion was based on morphology (physical characteristics). He established five categories which include American (referring to red race), Ethiopian (the black race), Caucasian (referring to white race), Malayan (also called brown race) referring to and Mongolian (referred to as yellow race). In 1817, there was extinction of some races which were under the five category classification and George Curvier attributed it to catastrophic events such as Darwinian trickle which was happening around that time. Background extinction was also caused extinction. I. Polygenesis: Starting 1700s, some writers began to suggest polygenesis explained differences: Voltaire; David Hume; Christoph Meiners: Georg Foster: Jean-Joseph Virey; John Pinkerton: Edward Long. Also a. Lord Kames, Sketches of the History of Man (1774), advocated polygenesis. The author abandoned Christian beliefs, and he concluded that humans had different races which were as a result of the variation in species characteristics. He also said that the variations made the human have different and unique species. Lord Kames also noted that human history had common characteristics which were a consistent improvement of primitive to civilization These arguments were a defense to the attack on polygenesis b. Charles White, 1799, Account of the Regular Gradation of Man. Charles White wrote this book trying to explain his finding on the differences among skulls from the different human species that were in existence them. He said he had found differences in all t he skulls. He compared the skull of humans with that of a donkey and concluded the two were different species. c. Bernard Romans, of A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida, 1775. The book states that the population in Florida increased ten times around 1900. The author says that the increase in population is because this was one of the first areas that humans settled. Taking together increased the intelligence of the community. Americans inhabitant got to realize the importance of Florida and was interested in learning the history of Florida because of the high increase population. Bernard Romanss shows that early humans did the trade. The book has a history of the relationship among people from India, Britain, and USA. The book provides information on the transformation of the species and the development of scientific technology. It also provides scientific arguments about the development of humankind. Monogenesis remained the dominant mode of thought in the 18 th century. This is an explanation of human origin. Monogenesis provides an explanation that shows that all human beings have a common origin for all races (created together). Monogenesis was discussed a lot during the nineteenth century when the scientific racism discussion was rife and different individuals were trying to scrutinize it with the aim of establishing the truth or supporting their belief. Religious people and scholars discussed the idea of race in the nineteenth century. The differences were explained through different theories developed by various writers. Some of the influential writers include: Charles Darwin Charles Darwin is one of the influential writers who contributed to the discussion on races. He developed a theory which covered the origin of species and more specifically human being. He covered how sex determined the king of offspring that would be produced. Darwin maintained his idea that all races were created separately. Louis Agassiz He believed that all races were created separately. He was also an influential writer during the period when racial science was very popular. He said that there were unequal attributes concerning the endowment of the race. Growth of anthropometry The skull is one of the main features that were used to prove the differences among races. Anthropometry is a field that finds differences among human beings by measuring their sizes and make identification using physical variations easy. Then the identities derived are associated with a certain race. Anthropometry measures shape and size of human bodies using the dimensions. Phrenology: Phrenology was very influential in back in the nineteenth century. It was concerned with the measurement of the size and shape of the human skull for identification. The reason behind it was that the brain has localized modules. This field of identification borrowed more from science. Craniology Craniology was considered very scientifical ly respectable in the 1840s. Several writers have written several works trying to explain the principle. Pieter Camper Pieter Camper in the late 1700s supported the use offacial angle in racial science. It was important because it was a way of measuring intelligence among different individuals who were seen as representatives of a specific race. He believed that a persons intelligence could be measured by drawing two lines one perpendicular and another one horizontally. William F. Edwards William Edwards was able to discover that shape and face had some way of showing the race of person came from because the distance between the camera a persons face varies. As a result, there is a variation of appearance which is significant and can be relied upon to identify some unfamiliar faces. Adjusting the distances between face and camera creates a subspace from the face. Anders Retzius Anders Retzius, the 1840s, showed the ratio of length and breadth of the cranium. He was a knowledgeable scientist who helped develop the cephalic index which can be obtained by calculating heads ration regarding width to length. He believed all races were created differently (polygenism). Samuel George Morton in the US, Crania Americana (1839) Morton was a supporter of polygenism. Morton is one of those scientists who strongly believed that there was no way all races had a common creation. Due to his expansive knowledge of science, he was able to use establish intellectual capabilities of individuals. 1840 census data, John C. Calhoun, and the marriage of science and politics Science combined with politics in 1840 census when John Calhoun (the vice president) and Jackson disagreed. John had two wives, and the wives of the cabinet ministers excluded her. But Van Buren refused to join them in ostracizing the Peggy Eaton. As a result, many people resigned from their cabinet positions. The president recognized Van Buren, and he was chosen to become a vice pres ident and later on was chosen as the person to replace the president. But due to his association with Eatons second wife, he lost the second re-election held in 1840. The Mulatto Mullato is a community that many people thought it was going to end after it lasted for four over five generations. The communities were believed to be a weak community, and some scientist hoped that it was necessary for them to intermarry for them to get a boost of genes which would enable them to acquire characteristics that would enable them to live longer. Mullato had originated from two different species. The white community would not eradicate Mullatos infertility. Bibliography Smith, Samuel Stanhope, and Charles WHITE.? An Essay on the causes of the variety of complexion and figure in the human species, to which are added, strictures on Lord Kamess Discourse on the original diversity of mankind. A new edition, with additional notes, by a Gentleman of the University of Edinburgh. 1810. Guyatt, Nicholas, Samuel Stanhope Smith, Princeton alumni weekly, 11 May, 2016. Retrieved from https://paw.princeton.edu/article/samuel-stanhope-smith Fitzgerald, Michael. The Journal Of ­ Studies La Revue Des †°tudes Berkeley University. The History of Evolutionary Thought, 1800s. retrieved from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history08 Grace, Science: 1680s-1800s: Early Classification of Nature retrieved from https://www.understandingrace.org/history/science/early_class.html Semonin, Paul. American Monster: How the nations first prehistoric creature became a symbol of national identity. NYU Press, 2000. Kames, Lord Henry Home. S ketches of the History of Man. Vol. 2. W. Creech, 1774. White, Charles, and Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring. An Account of the Regular Gradation in Man, and in Different Animals and Vegetables, and from the Former to the Latter. C. Dilly, 1799. . Romans, Bernard. A concise natural history of East and West Florida. Vol. 45879. University of Alabama Press, 1999. 75- Morton, Samuel George. Crania Americana: or a comparative view of the skulls of various aboriginal nations of America. Simpkin, Marshall, 1839. Page 21 Stevenson, Russell W. A Negro Preacher: The Worlds of Elijah Ables. Journal of Mormon History 39, no. 2 (2013): 165-254. Retrieved from https://www.uvu.edu/religiousstudies/docs/2017_msc/russell_stevenson.pdf Nott, Josiah Clark. Two lectures on the natural history of the Caucasian and Negro races. Dade and Thompson, 1844. Morton, Samuel, The Debate Over Slavery: Crania Americana retrieved from https://chnm.gmu.edu/exploring/19thcentury/debateovers lavery/pop_morton.html United States Census Bureau, Directors 1820 1865: William Augustus Weaver retrieved from https://www.census.gov/history/www/census_then_now/director_biographies/directors_1 820_-_1830.html Samuel smith Stanhope and Charles WHITE.? An Essay on the causes of the variety of complexion and figure in the human species, to which are added, strictures on Lord Kamess Discourse on the original diversity of mankind. A new edition, with additional notes, by a Gentleman of the University of Edinburgh. 1810 Nicholas Guyatt Samuel Stanhope Smith, Princeton alumni weekly, 11 May, 2016. Retrieved from HYPERLINK https://paw.princeton.edu/article/samuel-stanhope-smith https://paw.princeton.edu/article/samuel-stanhope-smith Michael Fitzgerald The Journal Of  ­ Studies La Grace, Science: 1680s-1800s: Early Classification of Nature retrieved from HYPERLINK https://www.understandingrace.org/history/science/early_class.html https://www.understandingrace .org/history/science/early_class.html Berkeley University. The History of Evolutionary Thought, 1800s. retrieved from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history08 Kames, Lord Henry Home. Sketches of the History of Man. Vol. 2. W. Creech, 1774. pg.2 Smith 71 Paul Semonin American Monster: How the nations first prehistoric creature became a symbol of national identity. NYU Press, 2000. Pg 245 Charles White and Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring. An Account of the Regular Gradation in Man, and in Different Animals and Vegetables, and from the Former to the Latter. C. Dilly, 1799, pg 11 Bernard Romans A concise natural history of East and West Florida. Vol. 45879. University of Alabama Press, 1999. Pg 2 Samuel Morton Crania Americana: or a comparative view of the skulls of various aboriginal nations of America. Simpkin, Marshall, 1839 United States Census Bureau, Directors 1820 1865: William Augustus Weaver Russell Stevenson Negro Preache r: The Worlds of Elijah Ables. Journal of Mormon History 39, no. 2 (2013): pg 173

Analysis Of The Interrupters - 904 Words

Introduction The Frontline documentary, â€Å"The Interrupters†, captures the heroic services that one organization, Ceasefire, provides in assisting individuals involved in inner city violence. Through mentorship and modeling, experienced â€Å"violence interrupters† are able to mediate and prevent violence from occurring within at risk communities. The documentary demonstrated the problems orbiting around inner city violence, prominently homicide. Furthermore, the film portrayed an effective solution to curbing the violence by implementing programs such as Ceasefire. The Interrupters encapsulated many essential ideas around inner city violence, such as its importance to social work, its application to theoretical perspectives, and solutions to resolving violence around the world. Importance to Social Work Inner city violence is a subject of great importance to the social work community in that it severely impacts the quality of human life, and there are still substantial improvements that need to be made in order to solve this epidemic. Essentially inner city violence, like that displayed in â€Å"The Interrupters†, suggests dilemmas through all levels of work, from micro to macro. On a micro level, it is clear that interpersonal conflict both creates and sustains the violence in these communities. From a mezzo level standpoint, it is clear that the violence does not only affect the individuals involved, but the community as a whole. Lastly, inner city violence can greatly be lookedShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication, And Conflict Management938 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the same patient receiving the medications. Plan to Address Interruptions during Medication Administration A sentinel event happened on a telemetry unit when a nurse administered the incorrect dosage of heparin to a patient. When a root cause analysis was performed, the nursing staff identified reasons that may have contributed to the medication error and interventions on how to prevent a medication error from occurring in the future. The nurses identified interruptions during medication preparationRead MorePolicy Evaluation And Feedback1111 Words   |  5 Pages(a deterrent scholar) quote on Boston Ceasefire. Zimring stated, Ceasefire is more of a theory of treatment rather than a proven strategy (p.2). Thus, evaluations of such initiatives are hard to capture. Current evaluation method An ex-post analysis will consider the following in the evaluation Ceasefires impact on youth gun violence. 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These are associations generally financed secretly by firms in the significant organizations who find expanding the security of their items beneficial. For an illustration of business sector gave security consider ground shortcoming circuit interrupters the little boxes connected with electric attachments in many bathrooms and somewhere else that forestall electric shock. These were produced secretly and generally embraced before they were ordered by law. Besides the procedure of appropriationRead Mo re Truth in Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn and Cummings since feeling is first1808 Words   |  8 Pagesoffers emotion as the foundation of truth, and supports living life fully through diction, theme-suggestive syntax, and images of accomplished action. Cummings since feeling is first compares the beauty of emotion and the inadequacy of mental analysis. In line three, attention to syntax, synonymous with literary construction and order, ruins emotional spontaneity, symbolized by a kiss. Wholly to be a fool while Spring is in the world ignores social convention in seeking pleasure while foolRead More Patient Safety and Risk Management Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pagesa root analysis needs to be done and action items are created from this analysis. Taking time to conduct a proper analysis of the cause eliminates a premature conclusion that may lead to inadequate corrective actions (William, 2008). A root analysis is a systematic approach to collect information that may identify and evaluate hazards and risks (Williams, 2008). The root analysis provides a starting point on areas that may need changing. There are three areas to a root cause analysis of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Violence On Children3143 Words   |  13 Pagesoutreach workers connected the youth with education and employment opportunities to further prevent them from violence; giving them opportunities to improve their life. In addition to that some of the outreach workers played the role as the Violence Interrupters and mediated individual and gang conflicts during evening hours, so that they could build relationship with the youth who tended to roam around the neighborhood at night times (Webster et. al., 2013). The Chicago CeaseFire was able to reduce re taliatoryRead MoreState, Political Economy And Governanc2013 Words   |  9 PagesSociety. Within the Marxist theoretical framework there has been an important debate about the nature of the State between Ralph Miliband and Nicos Poulantzas who are said to adopt Instrumentalist and Structuralist approaches respectively to the analysis of the State. The Marxist theory of state emerged as a criticism of, and as an alternative to the liberal theory of state. According to the Marxist theory, the state is a product of class division and class struggle and serves only the interest

An Chung

An Chung-sik Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings made by An Chung-sik Biography An Chung-sik  (1861-1919) was the Korean painter, the last gentleman painter of the great Korean  ChosÃ… n dynasty  (1392–1910). He was also called  Shimjon (Korean: â€Å"Heart Field†). His work belongs to the highest achievements of Korean culture. He was a key person to pursue the transition that started from the true view landscape of Jeong Seon (1676-1759) towards the nowadays way of handling the fine arts in both Koreas. An Chung-sik was born in Seoul and studied painting under Owon  Jang Seung-eop. Together with  Jo Seok-jin  (1853-1920), he was sent to China for training by the Korean court. During this one-year sojourn, he studied Chinese and the next coming painting trends. After his return he became a great painter of the popular Southern style, that was based on fingertip technique. He was also an outstanding  calligrapher  who mastered all the  writing  styles. In 1900, An Chung-sik painted the royal portrait of  King Gojong. In 1918 he organized the association of  paintings  and writings artists.   As the leader of the association, he made an effort to educate the younger artist generation. An Chung-sik  died in 1919. As a proof of his success in confirming the new trends, he was, together with Jo Seok-jin, criticised one year later as his paintings were conservative, lacking vitality and must be reborn. Key Ideas in painting In the 19th century, some Korean artist began to adopt Western painting techniques like linear perspective and chiaroscuro, suggestion an emerging interest in new types of art. An Chung-sik was one of them. He was highly esteemed painter in the Bureau of Painting that supplied paintings for the Choson court. In his period, the  western  modern art was introduced to  Korea, and the Korean traditional art was declining. He not only tried to succeed the traditional art but also adapt the western art, a realistic trend. He worked in the tradition, which in turn became the basis of early twentieth-century true- view landscapes. His style of art was unique in its pursuit of the enervated Southern style of the Qing period, with its emphasis on a fingertip. Chiaroscuro is a particularly prominent feature of the artwork, usually when the artist is using extreme contrasts of light and shade, bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. The main principle of chiaroscuro is that solidity of form is best achieved by the effect of  light  falling on it, allowing the shading to give two-dimensional figures a sense of volume. Through the value gradation of  color and the analytical division of bright and shadowed shapes, the artist creates the illusions of three-dimensional forms and of the light coming from a specific source, often achieving dramatic effects in paintings. It goes without saying, the artist made the magnificent contribution to the development of modern art. His paintings hide a secret message that unique people can reveal. Moreover, each of us should plunge into its deep context in order to realize the main essence. Famous paintings made by An Chung-sik Throughout his life, An Chung-sik has created paintings and sketches. He was excellent at landscape, portrait, flowers, and birds in his drawings. Among his famous paintings are the following: Cheon-guboyeodo (ì ²Å"ë ³ ´Ãª µ ¬Ã¬â€" ¬Ã« â€ž;Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¤ ¿ Ã¤ ¹ Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¥Å"â€") Spring Dawn at Mt. Baegak (Baegakchunhyo, ë ° ±Ã¬â€¢â€¦Ã¬ ¶ËœÃ­Å¡ ¨) Seongjasugan  (ì„ ±Ã¬Å¾ ¬Ã¬Ë†ËœÃª °â€ž) Sansoodo (ì‚ °Ã¬Ë†ËœÃ« â€ž;Ã¥ ± ±Ã¦ ° ´Ã¥Å"â€") Dowonmunjin  (ë â€žÃ¬â€º Ã« ¬ ¸Ã¬ §â€ž)

Benito Mussolini Was Born On July 29, 1883 Outside The Village Of Dovi

Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 outside the village of Dovia di Predappio in the Northeastern Italian province of Forli. He had one sister and one brother. They always fought and argued over little petty things with each other. His sister name was Edvige and his brothers name was Armaldo. His mother Rosa Malteni was a well respect and appreciated schoolteacher. His father Allesandro Mussolini was both a blacksmith and a committee socialist. He received his name Benito from the Mexican Revolutionary Juarez. Benito grew up as a delinquent, disobedient, and did not have any manners. He was a bully to the other children around him. He would get into numerous of fights with other children. Benito Mussolini was brought up in one the poorest regions in Northeastern Italy. When he was in school, he always kept to himself and very quiet. He wasnt a class clown, never cried or rarely laughed. He always sat in the back of the classroom and read a book. He rather do that than play with the other children in his class. He got kicked out his first boarding school. When he was growing up he was surrounded by many political philosophies. There was anarchism, socialism, and others. Both Benito and his father Allesandro had very bad violent tempers. When Benito grew up, he became a teacher in an elementary school in his nearby town; he spread the party of doctrine. He was an editor, Fascist leader, laborer, soldier, politician, and revolutionary. He also became a socialist. He graduated at a teacher training school in Forli, Italy. Then he moved to Switzerland to find a better place to work. When he was in Switzerland, he got in trouble with the law for fighting and vagrancy. So he decided to move back to Italy but in Trent. When he returned he worked for a Social Newspaper Company and wrote several literacy works. The newspaper was called La Lotta di Classe (The Class Struggle). The towns people loved his newspaper. He made the editor of Avanti (forward); it was published in Milan. When Benito wrote some ignorant and cruel suggestions and ideas in the newspaper. So the he was fired. He then decided to created his own newspaper. He called it, Li Popolo d Italia (The People of Italy). He hoped the war between Italy and Turkey might lead to collapse of society that might bring him to power. He wrote violent news articles trying to get an Italian war. When Benito was promoted to the officer of the police force (the commander). He was told to calm down on what he was writing in the newspaper articles. When World War I broke out, Mussolini was against the war. Two months after the war began; he was in favor of Italy entering the conflict and was expelled from the Socialist Party. In 1915, Italy entered the war. Mussolini was drafted into the army. In World War I, he fought in the trenches on the Italian-Austria front. Soon right after his draft, he was injured and discharged when a grenade launcher over-heated and blew up. During the chaos that was going down in Italy after the war, Mussolini influenced many more Italians and his power grew stronger and wiser. He was a reformer and than came a believer in power. Benito wanted to have power over all Italy. He wanted Italy to enter a war, immediately against Germany, but they never did. In 1919, the fascist attacked a socialist rally in Milan. Mussolini and over a hundred of his own men were thrown in prison for possession of illegal arms. All the men and including Mussolini were released the next day. Soon afterwards the police didnt even bother to interfere with fascist violence. Mussolini entered parliament in 1921 as a right wing member. Mussolini told some of his members of the Fascists to terrorize some of his colleagues. The government seldom interfered. In return for the support of a group of industrialists and agrarians, Mussolini gave his approval to strikebreaking, and he disowned revolutionary agitation. His Fascists marched on Rome, and King Victor Emmanuel III called on Mussolini to form a perfect government. Mussolini took over his realm and he created dictatorship. He

resevoir dogs essays

resevoir dogs essays "I don't give a fuck what you know or don't know, but I'm gonna torture you anyway, regardless. Not to get information. It's so amusing for me to torture a cop. All you can do is pray for a quick death, which you This guy was the most twisted and sickly perverted guy in the whole movie. He had no reservations about killing people. He was brutal. He loved torture and death. By his own admission he liked to see the peoples' expressions when they died. He was totally ruthless. He had no conscience. I can't really explain why I liked this character so much. I don't EVER want to be like him or do the things he did. There was just something attractive about all his negative personality traits. Before he really getting into torturing the cop, he casually turns on the radio as if he some music to accompany the grizzly acts he was about to commit. He was a man who insisted on having total control. He liked controlling situations and people. When they were in the jewelry store he advised the employees not to hit the alarm. When they did, he started them. This was his way of regaining control of the situation. At the same he was acting out this concept, he was actually totally out of control. He went fucking crazy in the store. He slaughtered the people lined up in the store like he was shooting clay ducks in a local carnival shooting gallery. I know this is a contradiction, but Mr. Blonde was a contradiction of himself. He had double standards. He hated the cop just because he was a cop. He didn't recognize him as a real person. Mr. Pink and Mr. White confirm this at the warehouse when they discuss him shooting REAL people, which cops are not. They say he just went crazy. They seemed to fear his craziness. His calm facade was a cover for the monstrous things he did to ...

Entrepreneurial Thinking in Multinational Organizations Essay

Entrepreneurial Thinking in Multinational Organizations - Essay Example Many multinationals are resorted to entrepreneurial thinking to formulate tactics for consolidating their positions in the market, making a dent into unexplored markets as well as maintained a steady growth rate. The term 'entrepreneur' comes from the French word 'entreprendre' which means 'to undertake.' It signifies a person who undertakes or operates a new enterprise or venture, while also taking responsibility for the risks involved in setting-up a new operation. Entrepreneurs are not limited to any one field, nor are they limited to the for-profit world. (Arti Pandey, 2006) External environment: While entrepreneurial organizations seek to identify opportunities in the external environment, traditional organizations look at the external environment for threats to their core business, rather than for new opportunities. (Hornsby, 1993) Strategy - Proactive strategic positioning is adopted by entrepreneurial organizations whereas traditional organizations take a more defensive position focusing to protect their core business. (Hornsby, 2002) Control Systems: Control Systems at traditional organizat... s at traditional organizations underlined by expense-based budgets whereas entrepreneurial organizations look at longer-term business planning and forecasting to guide their business. (Guth, 1990) Structure and Communication: Traditional organizations are hierarchical, centralized and formal, while entrepreneurial organizations are more decentralized and have informal communication flow.(Dess, 1999) Observations: Changes in entrepreneurial culture of Audit Big 4 firms Market trends in the financial markets such as Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other variations in the regulatory environment have necessitiatd corporates to modify their strategies to face these changes as well as remain competitive in the market environment. Some of the observations made in the changes in the entrepreneurial culture of the Audit Big 4 Firms are as detailed below: 3.1 Deloitte In the early ninties Deloitte was growing at a sedentary 11%/year, when it set itself the goal of doubling this rate. It realized that achieving this goal from a business-as-usual strategy was impossible, it therefore established a team known as the Strategic Business Development (SBD) team to look for new revenue-generating opportunities. With little bureaucracy to slow them down, the Strategic Business Development (SBD) team produced a clutch of initiatives: a customer relationship management business; an ethics and fraud hotline, Tip-Offs Anonymous; a joint venture with Citadel to establish Deloitte Private Client Advisors; and Deloitte Human Capital Corp. By creating these businesses to serve emerging and established markets, the unit contributed more than R300m to Deloitte's top line within three years. (Deloitte, 2006) In 2002 the Deloitte Innovation Programme was launched. The Innovation Zone was

Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Leadership - Coursework Example He possessed appropriate personality traits and assumed his role as a leader effective. Jude is an honest man and would often correct me whenever I was wrong. His criticisms were always objective a feature that enhanced the success of his corrections. Additionally, he had the skill to delegate (Selznick, 1984). He often delegated some of his works to me thereby making me acquire both the skills and experience in performing various tasks including driving. Jude is humorous and a god communicator. Both traits make him a perfect leader who endeared to various people besides me. Among the trends in leadership that make Jude an effective leader are confidences, positive attitude and creativity (Maxwell, 2007). Jude has the creativity to work his way out of any problem and to solve any conflict. In doing these, he strives to maintain objectivity and minimize the harm that his actions may cause the parties involved. After criticizing an individual, he does not let the case affect his future relations with the

Fiery Nationalism Essay Example for Free

Fiery Nationalism Essay For more than five centuries it has been, and remains, the world’s â€Å"most powerful idea†. Nationalism is a key characteristic of traditional global politics. Despite its strength however, nationalism is not as dominant a political identity as it once was. Nationalism had existed throughout human civilization; it became a major political movement, in large part because of centuries of imperialism. As countries expanded their borders through warfare and colonialism, the map of the world was completely redrawn. Geographic lines were shifted to create political entities based on the â€Å"winners† and â€Å"losers† of conflicts rather than based on ethnic lines of indigenous populations. Nationalism is a doctrine invented in Europe at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It pretends to supply a criterion for the determination of the unit of population proper to enjoy a government exclusively its own, for the legitimate exercise of power in the state, and for the right organization of a society of states. Briefly, the doctrine holds that humanity is naturally divided into nations, that nations are known by certain characteristics which can be ascertained, and that the only legitimate type of government is national self-government. Another definitions of nationalism are: devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation; excessive patriotism; the desire for national advancement or independence; the policy or doctrine of asserting interest of one’s own nation, viewed as separate from the interest of other nations or the common interest of all nations. Referring to the period 1900-1920, the positive part about nationalism as a political movement was that it allowed them to come together and overthrow imperialism. By the beginning of the twentieth century, nationalist movements threatened to tear apart the established empires and the world order the empires had created. On the other hand, the negative part was that it led to colonial wars for independence and civil wars within countries comprised of multiple nations. The problem for nationalist was that it was often difficult to determine exactly where some ethnics group began and others ended, which led to conflict between nationalities living together within a country. It’s true that imperialism and militarism were factors in WWI, but both were byproducts of nationalist governments. The alliance system also would not have caused war if it were not for nationalism. Serbian seeking to gain territory at Austria-Hungary’s expense, and members of a secret society collaborated together to kill the Austrian heir to the throne. This was the spark plug, nationalism, for the war. Nationalist-driven violence was certainly nothing new in the Balkans and what was left of the Ottoman Empire, so it was somewhat surprising that a politically motivated assassination in the region could lead to such large-scale warfare. No one thought it would take much longer than six months to wrap up, because each believed its alliance was clearly superior to other. Instead, the violence dragged into one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. From the period 1921-1945, the Interwar years from 1919 to 1939, it is a period that the conflict was not ended. Nationalism was negative. The frustrated nationalism created by the Treaty of Versailles, the social effects of the Great Depression and ongoing investment in military technology were the road for the next war WWII. In 1929, the Wall Street Market crash and hit Germany hard because the economy was built on mostly loans from America and was dependent on trade, so when the loans needed to be paid and there was no trade, Germany’s industrialism stopped; German workers were laid off, banks failed so saving and accounts were wiped out, inflation made it difficult to purchases necessities. Hitler decided that he needed to do everything at a political level, so that he will be seen as a legitimate leader and not someone associated with violence and bad things; he wanted to highlight the failings of other political parties. Hitler’s inflamed sense of nationalism encouraged him to share his beliefs and values with his fellow countrymen. His strong dependence on his beliefs gave him the reassurance he needed to do whatever he could to further his cause, no matter what people thought about him. Depression really took hold of Germany, and Germany had to repay the debt created by the Young Plan; Hitler tried to defeat the Young plan and this campaign made him a political force throughout the country; in his campaigning he turned down his Jewish hatred and promised to get rid of Communists and â€Å"other enemies† and to reunite Germany and other German speaking parts of Europe. Extremist were losing popularity because stability was returning; German Nationalist party made him respectable asking for him to help campaign against the Young plan’s repayment arrangements; Nazi party won 18.3% of the vote in September 1930. German nationalism made German citizens sympathize with one another, and the thought of more or worse poverty because of the repayments to America worried them all. Hitler, although not the most popular politician in the works at the time, definitely was able to wiggle his foot in the door because of the small amount of doubt in the minds of the people. Hitler was trying to create a sense of nationalism in German people, to the point where they felt they were better than any person of any other race. By creating a clear separation, Hitler was able to set the German’s apart from others living in the same area. Hitler felt that the only way Germany would return to order was through the Nazi regime. By combining Chancellor and President, he ensured that he would be at the head of the government and could spread his fiery nationalism to his people. German citizens may not marry or have sex with Jews in order to keep the blood pure (punishment of hard labor); Jews are not allowed to employ female German citizens under 45 as domestic workers (punishment of imprisonment or hard labor). Hitler really began to try to drive a wedge between Germans and Jews so that nationalism was felt very differently by the two different groups. In encouraging the nationalism and superiority in the German citizens, he made them feel better and feel against the Jews. Hitler formally ends obedience to the Treaty of Versailles; German warplanes attack a Spanish town, and this becomes the first air bombardment of an undefended town in history. Hitler outlines plans for a future war, confiding in his general of his intent to destroy Czechoslovakia; this was the beginning of Hitler’s process of beginning war. Nationalism flexes its muscles here, as the Germans show their new might in their air force and their defiance of the Treaty of Versailles, hereby raising confidence of the German people in their own government and fear of Germany for other countries. The German people were ready for a war. They believed because their leader had taught them to, that the only way to improve their situation was to fight for it. Nationalism prepared them for a war, and not only were they ready for the act, but they were ready to accept the consequences. Their need for stability as a country transcended other needs, and they were ready to do what it took to achieve their goals. WWII was the result of Fascism, and fascism involved nationalism. It is about returning one’s nation glory days. Hitler and Mussolini both sought to take lands that they felt were those of their nation. Hitler wanted the land Germany had lost in war, and much more. Some of the most horrific parts of WWII, such as Holocaust, were direct products of nationalism. Jews were considered to be a different nation by Germans and thus, the government tried to eliminate them, along with others who they felt were not real Germans. From the period 1946-1999 people have been promised self-determination and were frustrated when the political leaders they trusted to deliver it had failed to do so. This period nationalism was in some part positive. This time they would fight for independence and create their own identities through civil war, political revolutions, and migration. With ongoing nationalistic-driven, postcolonial, and identity-related violence marking almost every region of the world and a â€Å"cold war† prevailing on a global level, the structure for the latter half of the twentieth century was established. The Cold war was an ideological conflict in which is side use its growing military technology and alliances systems to stop the spread of the opposing ideology. Because no one wanted a nuclear holocaust, the superpowers relied on others (proxies) to engage in battles for them. The process of decolonization was the final death toll of the imperial system that structured the world until the mid-twentieth century. And because it took place in the midst of a Cold war rivalry with two superpowers vying for ideological control, the process was fraught with violence. Nationalist sought independence from foreign domination. The most violent example how the Cold war affected decolonization was the civil war in Vietnam. The fifteen-year military conflict funded by the United States, the USSR and the PRC showed the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America what decolonization could lead to during the competitive Cold War, and it certainly was not independence. Arab nationalism rose up against centuries of Western imperialism; Islam took on Judaism and Christianity; and ethnic and religious groups fought over territory each claimed legal and history rights to. Also we see, Africa nationalist movement demanded independence some came peacefully, other not. Ghana was a peaceful transition under Kwame Nkrumah, and for Kenya was a violent transition under Jomo Kenyatta. India had been a British colony for many years, the movement led by Mohandas Gandhi pushed for independence, he used a peaceful way not violent- methods to get independence. In conclusion, in my opinion, nationalism has been a positive force, but it has also brought despair and destruction to the world. One side of positive nationalism: which I defined as the proper love of one’s country and the respect which is due to every culture and nation. The other side, the negative nationalism: an unhealthy form of nationalism, which teaches contempt for other nations or cultures and seeks to advance the well-being of one’s own nation at the expense of others.

Change Over Time: The years 1670-1729 Essay -- History, European Power

From 1670 to 1870, the political regimes of the Atlantic Basin underwent drastic changes that were ultimately detrimental to today’s society. The new ideas of the Enlightenment sparked cultural, political, and social revolutions all the way from the newly established colonies of the United States to the ancien regime of the country of France. But how did these governments change during this era? The answers lie in the beginning, middle, and end of the 1670s to 1870s. The years 1670-1729 mark the beginning of this era, where the start of change takes place. During this period, European powers ruled in various places, such as in the colonies of America and in Haiti. In the colonies of America, there â€Å"was no sign that North America might become a center of revolution† (Bentley, p. 784). Britain imposed their culture on the colonists. The colonists â€Å"regarded themselves as British subjects: they recognized British law, read English-language books, and often braved†¦ the North Atlantic Ocean to visit family and friends in England† (Bentley, p. 784), with trade fueling the colonies’ wealth and reliable protection from the British militia. In France, Louis XVI reigned, and things were mainly prosperous. However, Louis was an absolute monarch, and he created three estates. The first estate â€Å"consisted of about 100,000 Roman Catholic clergy† (Bentley, p. 787). The second â€Å"included some four hundred thou sand nobles† (Bentley, p. 787), and the third was the rest of the population-â€Å"about 24 million serfs, free peasants, and urban residents ranging from laborers, artisans, and shopkeepers to physicians, bankers, and attorneys† (787). Nevertheless, the French mainly prospered under Louis XVI’s reign. However, in Haiti, things were not as prosper... ... off to France, where he died of maltreatment. The generals who succeeded Toussaint â€Å"defeated the remaining troops and drove them out of the colony† (Bentley, p. 796). In 1803, they declared independence and later â€Å"proclaimed the establishment of Haiti, meaning â€Å"land of mountains†. In conclusion, the governments of the Atlantic Basin evolved significantly between the 1670s and 1870s. Governments were established that shaped the beginning of human and political rights for generations to come. Without the ideals and beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers, the rapid transformation of the Atlantic Basin probably would have never happened and the world would have been anything but recognizable at this time. Thanks to the work of many revolutionary leaders and philosophes, the Atlantic Basin was able to become one of the most influential areas in world history to date.

Women Role in Christianity and Islam

A Christian Woman is a woman who loves God more than herself. She is a woman who prays for her family, her church, her government and her country. She is a woman who reads God's Word and puts Him first in her life. From the beginning of the early Christian church, starting with Jesus, women were important members of the movement. The examples of the manner of Jesus reveal his attitudes toward women and show repeatedly how he liberated and affirmed women. Both complementarians and egalitarians see Jesus as treating women with compassion, grace and dignity. 2] The gospels of the New Testament, especially Luke, often mention Jesus speaking to or helping women publicly and openly, contrary to the social norms of the time. Jesus had female followers who were his sponsors,[Lu 8:1-3] and he stopped to express concern for the women of Jerusalem on his way to be crucified,[Lu 23:26-31] while Mary Magdalene is recorded to be the first person to have the privilege of seeing Jesus after resurrec tion. [Mk 16:9] The role of women in Christianity today depends almost entirely upon the context in which women find themselves or choose to be involved in. More conservative Bible-believing women will tend their participation in church leadership etc. The modern womens rights movement has had a dramatic impact on the role of women in Christian churches. â€Å"Women in Christianity† is a vast and complex subject with multiple dimensions as Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world practiced in different societies and cultures around the world. When we deal with the subject of â€Å"Women in Christianity† we need to understand that Christianity as that exists today is a mix of different denominations with Catholics and Protestants being the principle denominations. Further it would be prudent to delve into the history of Christianity to understand the role of women in this religion. In early Christianity there was no separate roles prescribed for men and women and women were not distinguished separately from men. This was despite the fact that the society in West Asia at that time was highly patriarchal in nature. Women in Christianity: The early Christian prophets From West Asia, Christianity spread to ancient Greece and Rome which were purely patriarchal societies. In these societies women and children were hought of as assets or possessions held by the head of the family. Men and Women were distinguished separately in this kind of set up and women were generally considered inferior to men. During these times Christians believed that the world will end soon and Christ will come to earth for the second time. There were many women teachers and prophets in Christianity in those days who believed in this proposition and went their way in preachin g this doctrine. Women in Christianity: Wave of change in twentieth century Only in the twentieth century things started changing in Christianity. With the churches loosing much of their clout and power in the twentieth century, with democratic governments firmly established in many countries in Europe as well as in America and with religion getting separated from politics things started to change in a dramatic fashion in Christianity that was never thought about in the last two thousand years of the religion. It all started with the early feminist movements and peaked with the second wave of feminism from the period of 1960s. This period saw a profound change in the status of women in Christianity as a religion. Women's rights came in the forefront. Women in Christianity: Women's liberation movement The period of 1960s and thereafter can be considered as the beginning of the â€Å"women's liberation movement† in history which advocated social, cultural, political and religious equality of the gender. Though the women's liberation movement went full throttle in this period the patriarchal set up did not vanish as such and the concept of sexual dualism still existed. This concept not only viewed the differences between men and women in mere biological terms but it also ranked and applied values to these differences. For instance, men were considered to be more idealistic, spiritual, and psychic than women. On the other hand, women were thought to be more emotional, instinctive, and physical than men. This was a senario of absolute â€Å"gender stereotyping† and it existed from last two thousand years. It was only the women's movement in 1960s that challenged these kind of thinking to some affect. Women in Christianity: The religious right and the liberal feminist theological movement It is quite natural that the Religious Right criticizes feminists, who challenge the superiority of men. They in fact resist everything about the feminist movement. For example they even dislike the liberal welfare policies for women because under such policies, single mothers who need to raise their children and the economically destitute are assisted financially. The Religious Right view such assistance as preventing the establishment of traditional families. They also reject the relativism of human existence and therefore they are intolerant to other views, cultures and religions. They believe in the absolutism and purity of Christian values and tradition. For the religious right â€Å"Patriarchal Christianity† is the central core of all existence. Anything outside this central core has to be resisted and absolutely rejected. The changes that happened in the Christian society in the last two hundred years have also affected other cultures and religions in a profound manner. The feminist movement owes its roots to the Christian society and thanks to it feminism has become a global phenomenon today which advocates gender based equality and ending of all types of discriminations and bias against women. In fact the study of the role of â€Å"women in Christianity† transcends the spectrum of â€Å"religion† and gives us a broad perspective of the struggle of women from the last 200 years for a right to a dignified and meaningful life.

Mistretta v. United States Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

Mistretta v. United States (1989) asked the Supreme Court to decide whether the United States Sentencing Commission, created by Congress through the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, was constitutional. The court found that the Congress could use practical and specific legislation to form a special commission, dedicated to creating and maintaining federal sentencing guidelines. Fast Facts: Mistretta v. United States Case Argued: October 5, 1988Decision Issued: January 18,1989Petitioner: John MistrettaRespondent:   United StatesKey Questions: Is the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 constitutional?Majority Decision: Justices Rehnquist, Brennan, White, Marshall, Blackmun, Stevens, OConnor, and KennedyDissenting: Justice ScaliaRuling: Congressional legislation that created the federal sentencing commission did not violate the separation of powers doctrine, enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. Facts of the Case In 1984, Congress signed off on the Sentencing Reform Act in an effort to create uniform sentencing guidelines. The act empowered a specialized group of experts called the Sentencing Commission. Prior to the commission, individual federal judges used their own discretion when sentencing offenders. The commission was tasked with creating, reviewing, and revising policy used to determine punishments for federal offenders. Any changes were to be reported to Congress. John M. Mistretta challenged the commissions authority after receiving a sentence of 18 months imprisonment for drug related charges under commission guidelines. The Supreme Court agreed to take on the case because of its importance to the public and to settle what Justice Harry A. Blackmun referred to in his decision as disarray among the Federal District Courts. Constitutional Issues Can Congress allow a special group of experts to create and monitor federal rules for sentencing? Did Congress violate the separation of powers when it delegated responsibilities in this way? Arguments An attorney representing Mistretta argued that Congress overlooked the nondelegation doctrine when it created the Sentencing Commission. The nondelegation doctrine, a legal concept that comes from the separation of powers, prevents individual branches of the government from passing power on to other branches. The attorney claimed that Congress had unlawfully passed off its authority to oversee federal sentencing when it created a separate commission. In doing so, Congress had ignored separation of powers, he argued. An attorney on behalf of the government argued that the Supreme Court should adopt a more practical interpretation of separation of powers. Some governmental duties require cooperation, rather than exclusivity, he argued. The creation of the Sentencing Commission was a logical way to dedicate a task to a specialized group, in hopes of ensuring fair sentencing in federal courts, the attorney argued. Majority Opinion In an 8-1 decision delivered by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, the Court upheld the constitutionality of Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, affirming Mistrettas sentence. The decision was split into two different sections: delegation and separation of powers. Delegation The constitution does not prevent a branch from assigning specific tasks to expert groups, split between branches. The majority applied the intelligible principle test, which asks whether the Congress had granted authority in a way that was practical, specific, and detailed. Justice Blackmun wrote that Congress had achieved that goal. The legislative body offered lists of factors to aid the Sentencing Commission in developing guidelines. It also outlined clear instructions for the commission within the legislation, ensuring a constitutional manner of delegation, the majority found. Separation of Powers The majority applied a broad interpretation of the separation of powers. The constitution distributes power between branches to ensure independence, but acknowledges that the branches will sometimes need to work together to accomplish common goals. The sentencing commission derives its authority from Congress but is located within the Judicial Branch and executes its mission using members appointed by the executive branch. Congress created a cooperative commission to achieve a common goal: federal sentencing guidelines, the Court found. Dissenting Opinion Justice Antonin Scalia dissented. Justice Scalia argued that the sentencing guidelines have the force and effect of laws. By creating the commission, Congress gave its legislative power to a separate entity, housed within the judicial branch. Justice Scalia saw this as a clear violation of the separation of powers and the nondelegation doctrines, disagreeing with the Courts decision to take a common-sense approach to each. Impact Prior to the ruling in Mistretta v. United States, the Supreme Court had struck down statutes and panels that suggested blurred lines between the branches. After the decision, Mistretta was regarded by some as a ruling in favor of practical governance. Others expressed concern over the decisions effect on the separation of powers doctrine. Sources Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989).Stith, Kate, and Steve Y. Koh. â€Å"The Politics of Sentencing Reform: The Legislative History of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.†Ã‚  Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository, 1993.