Answer Key for Lewis and Clark Reloaded - 3735 Words

ANSWER KEY for â€Å"Lewis and Clark Reloaded: The 3,041-Mile Bike Trail† by Mary Rose Grant School for Professional Studies Saint Louis University Part I—The Adventure Begins †¦ and Comes to a Screaming Halt 1. What body systems are primarily affected and what physiological changes would you expect Joe and Frank to experience during such rigorous exercise? You may list, as students report out, the physiological changes to the respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and urinary systems expected during strenuous exercise and as noted in the case of the cyclist, Joe. Students will respond with answers suggesting increases in heart rate, respiration, sweating and muscle fatigue, as well as muscle soreness as normal. However, in†¦show more content†¦3. What additional information or tests would you request? Considering a diagnosis of dehydration, along with the fact that Joe seems to be consuming a lot of caffeine, a diuretic that causes fluid loss, the student may suggest testing Na, Ca, and other electrolyte levels in the blood, as well as levels of caffeine or other metabolites in the blood and urine. This latter information may help the student determine or at least estimate Joe’s caffeine intake. The student can begin to research and accumulate knowledge about dehydration as well as the effects of caffeine in the body. New knowledge about caffeine’s role in possibly interfering with iron absorption and decreasing insulin levels may lead the student to consider additional tests for iron and blood insulin levels. The student may also come to the conclusion that such tests may not be needed, necessary or specific to caffeine intake. To further explain Joe’s rapid heart rate, the student may request an electrocardiogram to investigate any presenting heart arrhythmias. Part III—A Dangerous Detour 1. Weeding out misinformation and piecing together the many facts presented, what is your diagnosis of Joe’s condition? Joe is suffering from caffeine intoxication and is also dehydrated. 2. What signs, symptoms, risk factors, and conditions lead to thisShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesIntroduction to Mechanical Engineering, 3rd Edition _ Jonathan Wickert, Kemper Lewis (SM) An Introduction to Physical Science, 13th Edition _James T. Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Jr (IM+TB+IM for Lab Manual) An Introduction to Programming With C++, 6th Edition_Diane Zak (Solution files+Answer to Review Questions+IM) An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done, 4th Edition _ Emily Stier Adler, Roger Clark (IM) An Object-Oriented Approach to Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition_JoyceRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesof prosperity and profitability, has been widely emphasized as a continuing key to this economic strength. It has been discussed quite properly in terms of the rapid growth of technology, particularly information technology. However, in these times when the fast devour the slow, productivity also particularly relates to the significance of the ways in which a company can maintain its fundamental business innovation as a key to its competitive 6 Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management

Race Science, Eighteenth to Mid-Nineteenth Centuries - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2322 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category History Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? The topic of origin or race has been discussed by several people who seek to define why there are different races in the world. There are those who have tried to apply scientific way a while others attribute the differences to the environment. Some of the people who have tried to explain the concepts are Samuel Stanhope, Fran? §ois Bernier, and George Cuvier. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Race Science, Eighteenth to Mid-Nineteenth Centuries" essay for you Create order There are divisions on the issue of race because it is a complex issue. The race is a word that is used to indicate a specific ethnic group. Most of the explanations that explain the origin of different races were developed from sixteenth century to mid-nineteenth century. Categorizing human types and defining races in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was part of the larger Enlightenment and scientific project of the time, related to developments in taxonomy and biology. But observers of the race made unscientific logical leaps from their data to their conclusions or used unscientific bases for comparison. The science or race thus reflects the power relationship between the scientists and those they observed more than it informs us about actual differences between groups of people. Scientific Ideas of Race in 18th Century One of the scientific ideas developed to explain the origin of race is monogenesis. It refers to the influence environment has towards the development of races. The concept of monogenesis states that race development if based on environmental factors and not inheritance. The concept is called environmentalism. One of the scholars who support attribute the development of different races to environmental factors is Samuel Stanhope Smith. Smith used his wide knowledge and interest to develop the principle. He argued that when people from different races were brought together and lived in a specific region; their generations developed a characteristic that would be associated with the region they lived. As a result, they would look alike over time. The idea came to be when the slave trade was popular, and scientist wondered why there were big differences between people from different regions. The scientist had an answer which stated that the differences were as a result of the di fferences in environmental condition in different regions around the world. Some of the environmental factors were both natural while others were social. To support the argument, some Senegalese from Africa and Danes from Europe were exchanged. After several generations, Senegalese were changing and becoming white while the Danes were also changing and becoming black. The early scientist made attempts to categorize the races that existed in the sixteenth to mid-nineteenth century. Several people made efforts. Francois Bernier developed four categories of races which he based on color. The four groups are Asiatic, European, Lapp, and African. These are probably the first groupings which were done in the sixteenth century. He also considered lips size and body appearance of the groups, and he was able to interpret it using his knowledge before coming up with the four groups. In the 1730s, Carolus Linnaeus made an effort some improvement to Berniers classification. He came up wit h four groups which had more advance names. The names were African (niger), American (rubescus), Asiatic (fuscus) and European (albums). He also developed taxonomic names which were almost similar to the original names and they were Asiaticus, Europeanus, Americanus, and Africanus. Linnaeus used skin color, and origin, but he later included physical characteristics and his understanding of emotional and social characteristics. In the mid-1700s, there was another discovery where Comte de Buffon came up with the idea that animas should be classified depending on their ability to interbreed. He argued that it would be easier to know whether animals are the same species by interbreeding them. If the process is successful, the conclusion was they are the same species. In 17770s, another type of classification was established by John Friedrich Blumenbach. He abandoned the classification of human species using geographical regions which had four groups. His new five group classificat ion was based on morphology (physical characteristics). He established five categories which include American (referring to red race), Ethiopian (the black race), Caucasian (referring to white race), Malayan (also called brown race) referring to and Mongolian (referred to as yellow race). In 1817, there was extinction of some races which were under the five category classification and George Curvier attributed it to catastrophic events such as Darwinian trickle which was happening around that time. Background extinction was also caused extinction. I. Polygenesis: Starting 1700s, some writers began to suggest polygenesis explained differences: Voltaire; David Hume; Christoph Meiners: Georg Foster: Jean-Joseph Virey; John Pinkerton: Edward Long. Also a. Lord Kames, Sketches of the History of Man (1774), advocated polygenesis. The author abandoned Christian beliefs, and he concluded that humans had different races which were as a result of the variation in species characteristics. He also said that the variations made the human have different and unique species. Lord Kames also noted that human history had common characteristics which were a consistent improvement of primitive to civilization These arguments were a defense to the attack on polygenesis b. Charles White, 1799, Account of the Regular Gradation of Man. Charles White wrote this book trying to explain his finding on the differences among skulls from the different human species that were in existence them. He said he had found differences in all t he skulls. He compared the skull of humans with that of a donkey and concluded the two were different species. c. Bernard Romans, of A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida, 1775. The book states that the population in Florida increased ten times around 1900. The author says that the increase in population is because this was one of the first areas that humans settled. Taking together increased the intelligence of the community. Americans inhabitant got to realize the importance of Florida and was interested in learning the history of Florida because of the high increase population. Bernard Romanss shows that early humans did the trade. The book has a history of the relationship among people from India, Britain, and USA. The book provides information on the transformation of the species and the development of scientific technology. It also provides scientific arguments about the development of humankind. Monogenesis remained the dominant mode of thought in the 18 th century. This is an explanation of human origin. Monogenesis provides an explanation that shows that all human beings have a common origin for all races (created together). Monogenesis was discussed a lot during the nineteenth century when the scientific racism discussion was rife and different individuals were trying to scrutinize it with the aim of establishing the truth or supporting their belief. Religious people and scholars discussed the idea of race in the nineteenth century. The differences were explained through different theories developed by various writers. Some of the influential writers include: Charles Darwin Charles Darwin is one of the influential writers who contributed to the discussion on races. He developed a theory which covered the origin of species and more specifically human being. He covered how sex determined the king of offspring that would be produced. Darwin maintained his idea that all races were created separately. Louis Agassiz He believed that all races were created separately. He was also an influential writer during the period when racial science was very popular. He said that there were unequal attributes concerning the endowment of the race. Growth of anthropometry The skull is one of the main features that were used to prove the differences among races. Anthropometry is a field that finds differences among human beings by measuring their sizes and make identification using physical variations easy. Then the identities derived are associated with a certain race. Anthropometry measures shape and size of human bodies using the dimensions. Phrenology: Phrenology was very influential in back in the nineteenth century. It was concerned with the measurement of the size and shape of the human skull for identification. The reason behind it was that the brain has localized modules. This field of identification borrowed more from science. Craniology Craniology was considered very scientifical ly respectable in the 1840s. Several writers have written several works trying to explain the principle. Pieter Camper Pieter Camper in the late 1700s supported the use offacial angle in racial science. It was important because it was a way of measuring intelligence among different individuals who were seen as representatives of a specific race. He believed that a persons intelligence could be measured by drawing two lines one perpendicular and another one horizontally. William F. Edwards William Edwards was able to discover that shape and face had some way of showing the race of person came from because the distance between the camera a persons face varies. As a result, there is a variation of appearance which is significant and can be relied upon to identify some unfamiliar faces. Adjusting the distances between face and camera creates a subspace from the face. Anders Retzius Anders Retzius, the 1840s, showed the ratio of length and breadth of the cranium. He was a knowledgeable scientist who helped develop the cephalic index which can be obtained by calculating heads ration regarding width to length. He believed all races were created differently (polygenism). Samuel George Morton in the US, Crania Americana (1839) Morton was a supporter of polygenism. Morton is one of those scientists who strongly believed that there was no way all races had a common creation. Due to his expansive knowledge of science, he was able to use establish intellectual capabilities of individuals. 1840 census data, John C. Calhoun, and the marriage of science and politics Science combined with politics in 1840 census when John Calhoun (the vice president) and Jackson disagreed. John had two wives, and the wives of the cabinet ministers excluded her. But Van Buren refused to join them in ostracizing the Peggy Eaton. As a result, many people resigned from their cabinet positions. The president recognized Van Buren, and he was chosen to become a vice pres ident and later on was chosen as the person to replace the president. But due to his association with Eatons second wife, he lost the second re-election held in 1840. The Mulatto Mullato is a community that many people thought it was going to end after it lasted for four over five generations. The communities were believed to be a weak community, and some scientist hoped that it was necessary for them to intermarry for them to get a boost of genes which would enable them to acquire characteristics that would enable them to live longer. Mullato had originated from two different species. The white community would not eradicate Mullatos infertility. Bibliography Smith, Samuel Stanhope, and Charles WHITE.? An Essay on the causes of the variety of complexion and figure in the human species, to which are added, strictures on Lord Kamess Discourse on the original diversity of mankind. A new edition, with additional notes, by a Gentleman of the University of Edinburgh. 1810. Guyatt, Nicholas, Samuel Stanhope Smith, Princeton alumni weekly, 11 May, 2016. Retrieved from https://paw.princeton.edu/article/samuel-stanhope-smith Fitzgerald, Michael. The Journal Of ­ Studies La Revue Des †°tudes Berkeley University. The History of Evolutionary Thought, 1800s. retrieved from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history08 Grace, Science: 1680s-1800s: Early Classification of Nature retrieved from https://www.understandingrace.org/history/science/early_class.html Semonin, Paul. American Monster: How the nations first prehistoric creature became a symbol of national identity. NYU Press, 2000. Kames, Lord Henry Home. S ketches of the History of Man. Vol. 2. W. Creech, 1774. White, Charles, and Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring. An Account of the Regular Gradation in Man, and in Different Animals and Vegetables, and from the Former to the Latter. C. Dilly, 1799. . Romans, Bernard. A concise natural history of East and West Florida. Vol. 45879. University of Alabama Press, 1999. 75- Morton, Samuel George. Crania Americana: or a comparative view of the skulls of various aboriginal nations of America. Simpkin, Marshall, 1839. Page 21 Stevenson, Russell W. A Negro Preacher: The Worlds of Elijah Ables. Journal of Mormon History 39, no. 2 (2013): 165-254. Retrieved from https://www.uvu.edu/religiousstudies/docs/2017_msc/russell_stevenson.pdf Nott, Josiah Clark. Two lectures on the natural history of the Caucasian and Negro races. Dade and Thompson, 1844. Morton, Samuel, The Debate Over Slavery: Crania Americana retrieved from https://chnm.gmu.edu/exploring/19thcentury/debateovers lavery/pop_morton.html United States Census Bureau, Directors 1820 1865: William Augustus Weaver retrieved from https://www.census.gov/history/www/census_then_now/director_biographies/directors_1 820_-_1830.html Samuel smith Stanhope and Charles WHITE.? An Essay on the causes of the variety of complexion and figure in the human species, to which are added, strictures on Lord Kamess Discourse on the original diversity of mankind. A new edition, with additional notes, by a Gentleman of the University of Edinburgh. 1810 Nicholas Guyatt Samuel Stanhope Smith, Princeton alumni weekly, 11 May, 2016. Retrieved from HYPERLINK https://paw.princeton.edu/article/samuel-stanhope-smith https://paw.princeton.edu/article/samuel-stanhope-smith Michael Fitzgerald The Journal Of  ­ Studies La Grace, Science: 1680s-1800s: Early Classification of Nature retrieved from HYPERLINK https://www.understandingrace.org/history/science/early_class.html https://www.understandingrace .org/history/science/early_class.html Berkeley University. The History of Evolutionary Thought, 1800s. retrieved from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history08 Kames, Lord Henry Home. Sketches of the History of Man. Vol. 2. W. Creech, 1774. pg.2 Smith 71 Paul Semonin American Monster: How the nations first prehistoric creature became a symbol of national identity. NYU Press, 2000. Pg 245 Charles White and Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring. An Account of the Regular Gradation in Man, and in Different Animals and Vegetables, and from the Former to the Latter. C. Dilly, 1799, pg 11 Bernard Romans A concise natural history of East and West Florida. Vol. 45879. University of Alabama Press, 1999. Pg 2 Samuel Morton Crania Americana: or a comparative view of the skulls of various aboriginal nations of America. Simpkin, Marshall, 1839 United States Census Bureau, Directors 1820 1865: William Augustus Weaver Russell Stevenson Negro Preache r: The Worlds of Elijah Ables. Journal of Mormon History 39, no. 2 (2013): pg 173

Analysis Of The Interrupters - 904 Words

Introduction The Frontline documentary, â€Å"The Interrupters†, captures the heroic services that one organization, Ceasefire, provides in assisting individuals involved in inner city violence. Through mentorship and modeling, experienced â€Å"violence interrupters† are able to mediate and prevent violence from occurring within at risk communities. The documentary demonstrated the problems orbiting around inner city violence, prominently homicide. Furthermore, the film portrayed an effective solution to curbing the violence by implementing programs such as Ceasefire. The Interrupters encapsulated many essential ideas around inner city violence, such as its importance to social work, its application to theoretical perspectives, and solutions to resolving violence around the world. Importance to Social Work Inner city violence is a subject of great importance to the social work community in that it severely impacts the quality of human life, and there are still substantial improvements that need to be made in order to solve this epidemic. Essentially inner city violence, like that displayed in â€Å"The Interrupters†, suggests dilemmas through all levels of work, from micro to macro. On a micro level, it is clear that interpersonal conflict both creates and sustains the violence in these communities. From a mezzo level standpoint, it is clear that the violence does not only affect the individuals involved, but the community as a whole. Lastly, inner city violence can greatly be lookedShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication, And Conflict Management938 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the same patient receiving the medications. 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Wholly to be a fool while Spring is in the world ignores social convention in seeking pleasure while foolRead More Patient Safety and Risk Management Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pagesa root analysis needs to be done and action items are created from this analysis. Taking time to conduct a proper analysis of the cause eliminates a premature conclusion that may lead to inadequate corrective actions (William, 2008). A root analysis is a systematic approach to collect information that may identify and evaluate hazards and risks (Williams, 2008). The root analysis provides a starting point on areas that may need changing. There are three areas to a root cause analysis of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Violence On Children3143 Words   |  13 Pagesoutreach workers connected the youth with education and employment opportunities to further prevent them from violence; giving them opportunities to improve their life. In addition to that some of the outreach workers played the role as the Violence Interrupters and mediated individual and gang conflicts during evening hours, so that they could build relationship with the youth who tended to roam around the neighborhood at night times (Webster et. al., 2013). The Chicago CeaseFire was able to reduce re taliatoryRead MoreState, Political Economy And Governanc2013 Words   |  9 PagesSociety. Within the Marxist theoretical framework there has been an important debate about the nature of the State between Ralph Miliband and Nicos Poulantzas who are said to adopt Instrumentalist and Structuralist approaches respectively to the analysis of the State. The Marxist theory of state emerged as a criticism of, and as an alternative to the liberal theory of state. According to the Marxist theory, the state is a product of class division and class struggle and serves only the interest

An Chung

An Chung-sik Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings made by An Chung-sik Biography An Chung-sik  (1861-1919) was the Korean painter, the last gentleman painter of the great Korean  ChosÃ… n dynasty  (1392–1910). He was also called  Shimjon (Korean: â€Å"Heart Field†). His work belongs to the highest achievements of Korean culture. He was a key person to pursue the transition that started from the true view landscape of Jeong Seon (1676-1759) towards the nowadays way of handling the fine arts in both Koreas. An Chung-sik was born in Seoul and studied painting under Owon  Jang Seung-eop. Together with  Jo Seok-jin  (1853-1920), he was sent to China for training by the Korean court. During this one-year sojourn, he studied Chinese and the next coming painting trends. After his return he became a great painter of the popular Southern style, that was based on fingertip technique. He was also an outstanding  calligrapher  who mastered all the  writing  styles. In 1900, An Chung-sik painted the royal portrait of  King Gojong. In 1918 he organized the association of  paintings  and writings artists.   As the leader of the association, he made an effort to educate the younger artist generation. An Chung-sik  died in 1919. As a proof of his success in confirming the new trends, he was, together with Jo Seok-jin, criticised one year later as his paintings were conservative, lacking vitality and must be reborn. Key Ideas in painting In the 19th century, some Korean artist began to adopt Western painting techniques like linear perspective and chiaroscuro, suggestion an emerging interest in new types of art. An Chung-sik was one of them. He was highly esteemed painter in the Bureau of Painting that supplied paintings for the Choson court. In his period, the  western  modern art was introduced to  Korea, and the Korean traditional art was declining. He not only tried to succeed the traditional art but also adapt the western art, a realistic trend. He worked in the tradition, which in turn became the basis of early twentieth-century true- view landscapes. His style of art was unique in its pursuit of the enervated Southern style of the Qing period, with its emphasis on a fingertip. Chiaroscuro is a particularly prominent feature of the artwork, usually when the artist is using extreme contrasts of light and shade, bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. The main principle of chiaroscuro is that solidity of form is best achieved by the effect of  light  falling on it, allowing the shading to give two-dimensional figures a sense of volume. Through the value gradation of  color and the analytical division of bright and shadowed shapes, the artist creates the illusions of three-dimensional forms and of the light coming from a specific source, often achieving dramatic effects in paintings. It goes without saying, the artist made the magnificent contribution to the development of modern art. His paintings hide a secret message that unique people can reveal. Moreover, each of us should plunge into its deep context in order to realize the main essence. Famous paintings made by An Chung-sik Throughout his life, An Chung-sik has created paintings and sketches. He was excellent at landscape, portrait, flowers, and birds in his drawings. Among his famous paintings are the following: Cheon-guboyeodo (ì ²Å"ë ³ ´Ãª µ ¬Ã¬â€" ¬Ã« â€ž;Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¤ ¿ Ã¤ ¹ Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¥Å"â€") Spring Dawn at Mt. Baegak (Baegakchunhyo, ë ° ±Ã¬â€¢â€¦Ã¬ ¶ËœÃ­Å¡ ¨) Seongjasugan  (ì„ ±Ã¬Å¾ ¬Ã¬Ë†ËœÃª °â€ž) Sansoodo (ì‚ °Ã¬Ë†ËœÃ« â€ž;Ã¥ ± ±Ã¦ ° ´Ã¥Å"â€") Dowonmunjin  (ë â€žÃ¬â€º Ã« ¬ ¸Ã¬ §â€ž)